January 1

From Genealogy

Template:JanuaryCalendar2008

Template:ThisDateInRecentYears2007

January 1

is the 1st day of the year  in the Gregorian calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years).
The preceding day is December 31 of the previous year.

January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Here a calendar year refers to the order in which the months are displayed, January to December. The first day of the medieval Julian year was usually a day other than January 1. This day was adopted as the first day of the Julian year by some European countries between 1522 and 1579 (that is, before the creation of the Gregorian calendar in 1582). See beginning of the year. The British Empire (including its American colonies) did not adopt the Gregorian calendar until 1752. This change can lead to dating confusion between Old Style and New Style dates. The Gregorian calendar as promulgated in 1582 did not specify that January 1 was to be either New Year's Day or the first day of its numbered year. Although England began its numbered year on March 25 (Lady Day) between the thirteenth century and 1752, January 1 was called New Year's Day, which was a holiday when gifts were exchanged.

Contents 1 New Year 2 Events 3 Births 4 Deaths 5 Holidays and observances 5.1 By observance 6 References 7 External links

[edit] New Year

See also: New Year

The Ancient Romans began their year on 1 January. During the Middle Ages under the influence of the Christian Church, many countries moved the start of the year to one of several important Christian festivals - 25 December (the Nativity of Jesus), 1 March, 25 March (the Annunciation), or even Easter. Eastern European countries (most of them with populations showing allegiance to the Orthodox Church) began their numbered year on 1 September from about 988.

In England 1 January was celebrated as the New Year festival,^[1] but from the 12^th century to 1752 the year in England began on 25 March (Lady Day). ^[2] So for example the Parliamentary record records the execution of Charles I occurring in 1648, (as the year did not end until 24 March,)^[3] although modern histories adjust the start of the year to January 1 and record the execution as occurring in 1649.^[4]

Most Western European countries changed the start of the year to 1 January before they adopted the Gregorian calendar. For example Scotland changed the start of the Scottish New Year to 1 January in 1600. England, Ireland and the British colonies changed the start of the year to 1 January in 1752. Later that year in September the Gregorian calendar was introduced throughout Britain and the British colonies (See the section Adoption). These two reforms were implemented by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750.^[2]

In the 9th century, 25th March (the Feast of the Annunciation) was used in parts of southern Europe as the start of a new year. The practice became more widespread in Europe from the 11th century and in England from the late 12th. 1st January started to be used as the start of the year followed:

• 1522 Venice
• 1544 Holy Roman Empire (Germany)
• 1556 Spain, Portugal, Roman Catholic (southern) Netherlands
• 1559 Prussia, Denmark, Sweden
• 1564 France
• 1579 Lorraine
• 1583 Protestant (northern) Netherlands
• 1600 Scotland
• 1725 Russia
• 1721 Tuscany
• 1752 Britain and its colonies

[edit] Events

• 153 BC - Roman consuls begin their year in office.
• 45 BC - The Julian calendar takes effect for the first time.
• 404 - The last known gladiator competition in Rome takes place.
• 630 - Prophet Muhammad sets out toward Mecca with the army that will capture it bloodlessly.
• 990 - Kievan Rus' adopts the Julian calendar.
• 1259 - Michael VIII Palaiologos is proclaimed co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea with his ward John IV Laskaris.
• 1438 - Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary.
• 1515 - King Francis I of France succeeds to the French throne.
• 1527 - Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as king of Croatia in the Parliament on Cetin.
• 1600 - Scotland begins using the Julian calendar.
• 1651 - Charles II is crowned King of Scotland.
• 1660 - Samuel Pepys starts his diary.
• 1673 - Regular mail delivery begins between New York and Boston.
• 1700 - Russia begins using the Julian calendar.
• 1707 - John V is crowned King of Portugal.
• 1739 - Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.
• 1772 - The first traveller's cheques, which can be used in 90 European cities, go on sale in London for the first time.
• 1781 - 1,500 soldiers of the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment under General Anthony Wayne's command rebelled against the Continental Army's winter camp in Morristown, New Jersey as part of the Pennsylvania (Continentals; Regiment) Mutiny of 1781.
• 1788 - First edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.
• 1797 - Albany replaces Kingston as the capital of New York State.
• 1800 - The Dutch East India Company ceases to exist.
• 1801 - The legislative union of Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland is completed to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
• 1801 - Dwarf planet Ceres is discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi.
• 1803 - Emperor Gia Long orders all bronze wares of the Tây Sơn Dynasty to be collected and melted into nine cannons for the Royal Citadel in Huế, Vietnam
• 1804 - French rule ends in Haiti. Haiti becomes the first black republic and first country independent in the West Indies.
• 1806 - The French Republican Calendar is abolished.
• 1808 - The importation of slaves into the United States is banned.
• 1818 - Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus is published.
• 1833 - United Kingdom claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.
• 1845 - The Cobble Hill Tunnel, in Brooklyn, was finished.
• 1861 - Porfirio Díaz conquers Mexico City.
• 1863 - American Civil War: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect in Confederate territory.
• 1863 - The first claim under the Homestead Act is made by Daniel Freeman for a farm in Nebraska.
• 1870 - First edition of The Northern Echo newspaper is published.
• 1876 - The Reichsbank opens in Berlin.
• 1877 - Queen Victoria of Britain is proclaimed Empress of India.
• 1880 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins French construction of the Panama Canal.
• 1887 - Queen Victoria is proclaimed empress of India in Delhi.
• 1890 - The first Tournament of Roses is held in Pasadena, California.
• 1890 - First use of football goal nets in England.
• 1890 - Eritrea consolidates into a colony by the Italian government.
• 1892 - Ellis Island opens to begin accepting immigrants to the United States.
• 1893 - Japan begins using the Gregorian calendar.
• 1894 - The Manchester Ship Canal, England, is officially opened to traffic.
• 1898 - New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York. The four initial boroughs, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and The Bronx, are joined on January 25 by Staten Island to create the modern city of five boroughs.
• 1899 - Spanish rule ends in Cuba.
• 1901 - the French rugby team play their first Test against the New Zealand All Blacks.
• 1901 - Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
• 1901 - The British colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia federate as the Commonwealth of Australia; Edmund Barton is appointed the first Prime Minister.
• 1901 - The first official Mummers Parade is held.
• 1902 - The first Rose Bowl game is played in Pasadena, California, with the University of Michigan beating Stanford University by a score of 49-0.
• 1906 - British India officially adopts the Indian Standard Time
• 1908 - For the first time, a ball is dropped in New York City's Times Square to signify the start of the New Year at midnight.
• 1909 - Drilling began on the Lakeview Gusher.
• 1910 - Captain David Beatty was promoted to Rear Admiral, and became the youngest admiral in the Royal Navy, except for Royal family members, since Horatio Nelson.
• 1911 - Northern Territory is separated from South Australia and transferred to Commonwealth control.
• 1912 - The Republic of China is established.
• 1916 - German troops abandon Yaoundé and their Kamerun colony to British forces and begin the long march to Spanish Guinea.
• 1919 - Edsel Ford succeeded his father, Henry Ford, as president of the Ford Motor Company.
• 1920 - The Belorussian Communist Organisation is founded as a separate party.
• 1922 - The Greek Constitution of 1822 is adopted by the First National Assembly of Epidaurus.
• 1923 - Britains Railways are grouped into the Big Four, LNER, GWR, SR, LMSR.
• 1925 - The American astronomer Edwin Hubble announces the discovery of galaxies outside the Milky Way.
• 1927 - Turkey adopts the Gregorian calendar: December 18, 1926 (Julian), is immediately followed by January 1, 1927 (Gregorian).
• 1934 - Alcatraz Island becomes a United States federal prison.
• 1934 - Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring".
• 1935 - Bucknell University wins the first Orange Bowl 26–0 over the University of Miami.
• 1937 - The first Cotton Bowl game is played in Dallas, Texas. TCU defeats Marquette University 16–6.
• 1937 - Safety glass in windshields became mandatory in Great Britain.
• 1939 - The first Vienna New Year's Concert is held.
• 1939 - William Hewlett and David Packard found Hewlett-Packard.
• 1939 - Sydney, Australia swelters in 45˚C (113˚F) heat, a record for the city.
• 1942 - The Declaration by the United Nations is signed by twenty-six nations.
• 1942 - The U.S. Office of Production Management prohibited sales of new cars and trucks to civilians.
• 1945 - In retaliation of the Malmedy massacre, U.S. troops massacre 30 SS prisoners at Chenogne.
• 1946 - The first civil flight from Heathrow Airport occurs.
• 1947 - The American and British occupation zones in Germany, after the World War II, merge to form the Bizone, that later became the Federal Republic of Germany.
• 1948 - British railways are nationalised to form British Rail.
• 1948 - After partition, India declines to pay the agreed share of Rs.550 million in cash balances to Pakistan.
• 1948 - The Constitution of Italy comes into force.
• 1949 - The British Nationality Act 1948 comes into force.
• 1949 - United Nation cease-fire orders to operate in Kashmir from one minute before midnight. War between India and Pakistan stops accordingly.
• 1950 - The state of Ajaigarh acceded to the Government of India.
• 1956 - The Republic of the Sudan achieves independence from the Egyptian Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
• 1957 - George Town, Penang became a city by a royal charter granted by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
• 1958 - The European Community is established.
• 1959 - Cultivars of plants named after this date must be named in a modern language, not in Latin.
• 1959 - Fulgencio Batista, president of Cuba, is overthrown by Fidel Castro's forces during the Cuban Revolution.
• 1960 - The Republic of Cameroon achieves independence from France and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
• 1962 - Western Samoa achieves independence from New Zealand; its name is changed to the Independent State of Western Samoa.
• 1962 - United States Navy SEALs established.
• 1964 - The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is divided into the independent republics of Zambia and Malawi, and the British-controlled Rhodesia.
• 1965 - The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan was founded in Kabul.
• 1966 - A twelve day New York City transit strike begins.
• 1966 - After a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa assumes power as president of the Central African Republic.
• 1970 - Unix time begins.
• 1971 - Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.
• 1972 - Austrian diplomat Kurt Waldheim assumes as Secretary General of the United Nations.
• 1973 - The Kingdom of Denmark, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland are admitted into the European Community.
• 1978 - Air India Flight 855 Boeing 747 explodes and crashes into the sea off the coast of Bombay, killing 213.
• 1978 - The Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands becomes effective.
• 1979 - Formal diplomatic relations are established between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America.
• 1980 - Victoria is crowned princess of Sweden.
• 1981 - The Republic of Greece is admitted into the European Community.
• 1981 - The Republic of Palau achieves self-government though it is not independent from the United States.
• 1982 - Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes the first Latin American to hold the title of Secretary General of the United Nations.
• 1983 - The ARPANET officially changes to using the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet.
• 1984 - AT&T is broken up into twenty-two independent units.
• 1984 - The Sultanate of Brunei becomes independent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
• 1985 - The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
• 1985 - The first British mobile phone call is made by Ernie Wise to Vodafone.
• 1986 - Aruba becomes independent of Curaçao, though it remains in fre